Matériaux avancésSciences de l'Ingénieur S9 (GSI)

PART: Jean-Luc Hanus (6:40 CM + 5:20 TD)

Educational objectives:

The aim of this course is to give the students the theoretical basis necessary for the engineer to design and design structures with materials that can have a nonlinear response. A macroscopic overview of the main behaviour of solid materials encountered by the engineer is carried out and the bases for modelling these various nonlinear irreversible behaviors are provided.

PART: Denis Rochais (4h CM)

The objective of this course is to introduce the digital material engineering approach, developed for 20 years at CEA Le Ripault, for the design of innovative materials for high temperature applications.

PART: Thierry Piquero (2h CM)

Introduction to additive manufacturing and mechanics of composite materials.

PART: Stéphane Villalonga (2h CM)

Knowledge of hydrogen energy technologies for mobility.

• Mechanics of continuous media
• Solids and/or Materials Mechanics

PART: Jean-Luc Hanus

• Background on the use of behavioural laws in structural calculations, on different modelling scales and on differences between local behaviour and overall response;
• Introduction to modelling tools;
• Most common models in elastoplasticity;
• Model construction approaches with speed sensitivity;
• Scalar damage.

PART: Denis Rochais

After a presentation of the fields of application concerned, I develop the principle of this multidisciplinary approach which relies on the capacity of experimental means (X-ray tomography, FIB/MEB...) able to describe in 3D the organization of the matter on statistically representative volumes of heterogeneous media (composites, ceramics...). These 3D images, once processed, allow to perform digital experiments on virtual representations to calculate not only their physical properties, but also their behavior under pressure.

I stress that the relevance of these calculations is based on knowledge of the properties of the basic constituents of these heterogeneous media and I detail thermal characterization devices at different scales (from μm to mm), which are based on laser/material interaction. I recall the existence of mechanical devices without really detailing them (NB: I opted for thermal because often less known). I then describe the dedicated calculation codes (thermal and mechanical) that allow us to perform our simulations. The latter, together with virtual structure generation tools, pave the way for the design of digitally optimized materials via the nature of their constituents and the topology of their microstructure, so that their performance meets as precisely as possible a specific need (loads).

It remains to be able to realize these new materials! It is in this context that additive manufacturing provides a solution, by offering the possibility of producing them in a form suitable for their end use, which are sometimes unable to do the usual manufacturing processes. To illustrate this, I end with an example of the application of this digital engineering approach concerning the optimization of the performance of innovative ceramic structures for the volume receptor of thermodynamic solar power plants.

PART : Thierry Piquero

Additive manufacturing refers to all 3D printing techniques. The object is created there by adding material, unlike the subtractive manufacture. This course describes the different printing processes and materials, the types of printers. Copyright and risk management are briefly discussed. Some techno-economic data are provided and a number of applications are presented.

The ceramic matrix composite materials have been developed for use in extreme conditions: high temperature, oxidizing medium, mechanical stress or even irradiation. Although composed of ceramics, these materials are "defragilized" to avoid their catastrophic rupture, which allowed them to be used in aeronautics, space and now in the nuclear industry. This course addresses the different components of a CMC, some development processes and is illustrated by applications.

PART: Stéphane Villalonga

I present hydrogen energy technologies for mobility:

• Restitution of the energy and climate context
• Presentation of ENRs whose energy vector H2
• Description of ways to produce H2
• Presentation of all H2 applications for different segments (stationary, transport, mobility)
• Reminder of risks around H2
• Presentation of the operation of a fuel cell
• Details of hydrogen storage tanks (materials, design-calculation, process and manufacturing of different parts of tanks, testing and instrumentation of tanks, standards and regulations, economic technical evaluation) highlights challenges, difficulties, new trends

Continuous control without document Authorized calculator

• Lemaitre J., Chaboche J.-L., Benallal A., Desmorat R., Mechanics of solid materials - 3rd edition, Dunod, 2009
• François D., Pineau A., Zaoui A., Mechanical behaviour of materials, Vol. 1: Elasticity and plasticity, and Vol. 2: Viscoplasticity, damage, break-up mechanics and contact mechanics, Hermès Lavoisier, 2009.
• Besson, J., Cailletaud, G, Chaboche, J.-L., Forest, S., Nonlinear Material Mechanics, Hermès Lavoisier, 2001