Géopolitique des marchés de l'énergieSciences pour l'Ingénieur 2 (ERE)

Know: • Status of resources and reserves • State policy interaction and market development • Geopolitical risks • Climate agreements and their impacts Master: • Knowledge of the geopolitical environment of the different types of energy (gas, oil, electricity, renewable energies...)

Definitions and history of humanity • Energy, Type of energy source, Energy line. • Humanity a history of energy. • Energy competition. • Petroleum: extraction and refining. • Geopolitical, contextualised geopolitics has energy, geoeconomic vision. Human factors, economics, geography and history • Perception of the world, primary needs, power relations, rivalries, wealth • Political and economic systems. • Globalized economy interdependence. • History and the keys to understanding. • Sources of information: impartiality. The facts • State of energy resources and energy reserves • Population, demography. • ENR : CAPEX, LCOE Gisements and sobriety • A growing need for energy and sobriety initiatives: o Energy Trilemme, IRENA o Behaviour change (covid...), modelling, EnR development, efficiency, 2050 scenario, generation loss, Constraints Analysis of geopolitical interactions • History of international trade and wars • Oil, the engine of the global economy: Market laws • Oil prices, international trade, price stability and political uncertainties. • Environmental policy and related taxes • Business segments of energy markets Analyzing geopolitical interactions: reasoning methods • CGEMP • SORA+ Exercises Trade and energy routes: • International trade, trading, shipping routes • Panama Canal, UNCLOS • Global market access = trade routes • Silk roads, lepac • Historical contracts and their current consequences • Pipelines Geopolitical risks and challenges: • Multiple manipulations and influences. • Economic wars and economic crises, inconsistency • Alliances, Cuba crisis, bipolar world – multipolar. • Military actions (Ukraine conflict) • Petromonarchies (e.g. SORA). • The rise of solar power stations. Watch for energy issues: • Change in behaviour • Land transport (electrification, batteries, hydrogen) • Air and maritime transport COPs: Climate agreements and their impacts: • The main summits and their results: Success and/or failure? • Geo-engineering Conclusion: • The next big variable... Energy keys for tomorrow. • Geopolitics in space

Table Control (Duration 1h30)